endofocusFOCUS ЭндокринологияFOCUS. Endocrinology2713-01772713-0185ООО "Издательство "Перо"10.62751/2713-0177-2025-6-3-10endofocus-175Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWВлияние курения на кишечную микробиоту: от патогенеза к современным подходам снижения рисковThe impact of smoking on the intestinal microbiota: From pathogenesis to modern approaches to risk reductionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-540XДемидоваТ. Ю.DemidovaT. Yu.

Демидова Татьяна Юльевна – д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой эндокринологии

Scopus Author ID: 7003771623

г. Москва

Tatyana Yu. Demidova – D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Clinical Medicine,

Author ID: 7003771623

Moscow

t.y.demidova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-2826-4659МаярбиеваТ. Т.MayarbievaT. T.

Маярбиева Танзила Тимерхановна – ассистент кафедры эндокринологии ИКМ

г. Москва

Tanzila T. Mayarbieva – Assistant of the Department of endocrinology, Institute of Clinical Medicine 

Moscow

maarbievatanzila@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7675-4496БаироваВ. Э.BairovaV. E.

Баирова Валерия Эдуардовна – ассистент кафедры эндокринологии ИКМ

г. Москва

Valeria E. Bairova – Assistant of the Department of endocrinology, Institute of Clinical Medicine 

Moscow

bairova.lera@mail.ruФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский университет)»Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University202513112025637785Copyright © Демидова Т.Ю., Маярбиева Т.Т., Баирова В.Э., 20252025Демидова Т.Ю., Маярбиева Т.Т., Баирова В.Э.Demidova T.Y., Mayarbieva T.T., Bairova V.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://endofocus.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/175

Микробиота кишечника – сложная и уникальная структура, включающая десятки тысяч видов бактерий и регулирующая множество процессов в человеческом организме для поддержания гомеостаза. Сигаретный дым, являясь источником воздействия токсичных химических веществ, вызывает большой спектр патологических процессов, ассоциированных с курением, один из которых – изменение состава и структуры микробиоты кишечника, повышение проницаемости слизистой оболочки и местные воспалительные реакции. В представленном обзоре освещены накопленные к настоящему времени знания о механизмах влияния сигаретного дыма на кишечную микробиоту, а также рассмотрена концепция снижения вреда от табакокурения, предлагающая пациенту, не мотивированному на отказ от курения, переход на менее вредные по сравнению с традиционными сигаретами продукты с пониженным риском для здоровья.

The intestinal microbiota is a complex and unique structure that includes tens of thousands of bacterial species and regulates many processes in the human body to maintain homeostasis. Cigarette smoke, being a source of exposure to toxic chemicals, causes a wide range of pathological processes associated with smoking, one of which is a change in the composition and structure of the intestinal microbiota, increased permeability of the mucous membrane and local inflammatory reactions. This review highlights the currently accumulated knowledge about the mechanisms of the influence of cigarette smoke on the intestinal microbiota, and also examines the concept of harm reduction from smoking, which offers a patient who is not motivated to quit smoking to switch to products that are less harmful than traditional cigarettes and have a reduced risk.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.