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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">endofocus</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">FOCUS Эндокринология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FOCUS. Endocrinology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-0177</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-0185</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО "Издательство "Перо"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.62751/2713-0177-2025-6-4-10</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">endofocus-192</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сахарный диабет 2 типа и когнитивные нарушения: от патогенеза к превентивной терапии и будущим стратегиям</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Type 2 diabetes and cognitive impairment: From pathogenesis to preventive therapy and future strategies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-540X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демидова Татьяна Юльевна – д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой эндокринологии ИКМ</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana Yu. Demidova – D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.y.demidova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4211-0246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белолипецкий</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belolipetskiy</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белолипецкий Ярослав Александрович – старший медицинский советник</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yaroslav A. Belolipetskiy – Senior Medical Advisor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yaroslav.belolipetskiy@nizhpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Нижфарм»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nizhpharm JSC</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>Нейроэндокринология</issue-title><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Демидова Т.Ю., Белолипецкий Я.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Демидова Т.Ю., Белолипецкий Я.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Demidova T.Y., Belolipetskiy Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://endofocus.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/192">https://endofocus.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/192</self-uri><abstract><p>Сахарный диабет 2 типа (СД2) и когнитивные нарушения (КН), включая деменцию, представляют собой глобальные медикосоциальные проблемы, патогенетически тесно связанные и формирующие порочный круг. Несмотря на понимание их общих механизмов, традиционный подход к терапии СД2, ориентированный лишь на контроль гликемии, оказывается недостаточным для профилактики когнитивного снижения.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Обобщить современные представления о патогенетической связи между СД2 и КН и обосновать необходимость перехода к новой парадигме превентивной патогенетически направленной терапии, нацеленной на сохранение когнитивного здоровья.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведен анализ современных эпидемиологических, наблюдательных и рандомизированных клинических исследований, а также систематических обзоров и метаанализов, посвященных изучению взаимосвязи СД2, кардиометаболических факторов риска и КН, а также оценке потенциальных нейропротективных свойств отдельных классов сахароснижающих препаратов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показана ключевая роль комплексного управления факторам риска кардиометаболическими нарушениями (контроль артериального давления, дислипидемии, инсулинорезистентности) и субклинического атеросклероза (толщина комплекса интима-медиа сонных артерий) в профилактике КН. Обоснована перспективность применения препаратов с плейотропной активностью, таких как пиоглитазон и алоглиптин, которые воздействуют на общие патогенетические звенья СД2 и нейродегенерации (инсулинорезистентность мозга, нейровоспаление, атеросклероз). Приведены доказательства их способности снижать риск деменции, повторного инсульта и прогрессирования атеросклероза. Особое внимание уделено преимуществам ранней комбинированной терапии, в частности фиксированной комбинации алоглиптина и пиоглитазона, обеспечивающей мощный гликемический контроль с минимальным риском гипогликемии и комплексное воздействие на множественные дефекты СД2.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Реализация интегративной, превентивной стратегии, включающей агрессивный контроль кардиометаболических факторов риска, ранний скрининг КН и целенаправленное назначение патогенетически обоснованной сахароснижающей терапии с нейропротективным потенциалом, является необходимым условием для снижения риска когнитивных нарушений и деменции у пациентов с СД2.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cognitive impairment (CI), including dementia, are global medico-social problems that are pathogenetically closely linked and form a vicious cycle. Despite an understanding of the shared mechanisms, the traditional approach focused solely on glycemic control proves insufficient for preventing cognitive decline.</p><sec><title>The aim</title><p>The aim: to summarize current insights into the pathogenetic relationship between T2DM and CI and to substantiate the need for a shift towards a new paradigm of preventive, pathogenetically targeted therapy aimed at preserving cognitive health.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. An analysis of modern epidemiological, observational, and randomized clinical trials, as well as systematic reviews and meta-analyses, dedicated to studying the relationship between T2DM, cardiometabolic risk factors, and CI, and assessing the potential neuroprotective properties of specific classes of glucose-lowering drugs was conducted.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The key role of comprehensive management of cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure control, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance) and subclinical atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness) in CI prevention is demonstrated. The promise of using drugs with pleiotropic activity, such as pioglitazone (thiazolidinedione) and alogliptin (DPP-4 inhibitor), which target common pathogenetic links of T2DM and neurodegeneration (cerebral insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, atherosclerosis), is substantiated. Evidence of their ability to reduce the risk of dementia, recurrent stroke, and atherosclerosis progression is presented. Particular attention is paid to the benefits of early combination therapy, specifically the fixed-dose combination of alogliptin and pioglitazone, which provides powerful glycemic control with a minimal risk of hypoglycemia and a comprehensive impact on multiple defects of T2DM.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The implementation of an integrative, preventive strategy, including aggressive control of cardiometabolic risk factors, early screening for CI, and targeted prescription of pathogenetically justified glucose-lowering therapy with neuroprotective potential, is a necessary condition for reducing the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in patients with T2DM.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>деменция</kwd><kwd>нейропротекция</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы дипептидилпептидазы-4</kwd><kwd>агонисты рецепторов глюкагоноподобного пептида-1</kwd><kwd>тиазолидиндионы</kwd><kwd>пиоглитазон</kwd><kwd>превентивная терапия</kwd><kwd>фиксированные комбинации сахароснижающих препаратов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>dementia</kwd><kwd>neuroprotection</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>DPP-4 inhibitors</kwd><kwd>GLP-1 receptor agonists</kwd><kwd>thiazolidinediones</kwd><kwd>pioglitazone</kwd><kwd>preventive therapy</kwd><kwd>fixed-dose combination</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья опубликована при поддержке компании АО «Нижфарм».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Publication of this article has been supported by Nizhpharm JSC.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Srikanth V, Sinclair AJ, Hill-Briggs F, Moran C, Biessels GJ. 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