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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">endofocus</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">FOCUS Эндокринология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FOCUS. Endocrinology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-0177</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-0185</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО "Издательство "Перо"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.62751/2713-0177-2026-7-1-05</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">endofocus-204</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диагностика доклинических стадий сахарного диабета 1 типа: современные подходы к скринингу на островковые антитела</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnosis of preclinical stages of type 1 diabetes mellitus: Modern approaches to screening for islet antibodies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9296-4346</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яновская</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yanovskaya</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Александровна Яновская, к. м. н., ассистент</p><p>кафедра терапии имени профессора Е.Н. Дормидонтова</p><p>150000; ул. Революционная, 5; Ярославская область; Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Yanovskaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.), assistant</p><p>Department of therapy named after N.E. Dormidontov</p><p>150000;  5, st. Revolutionary; Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lenayan200@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яновская</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yanovskaya</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Ефимовна Яновская, к. м. н., заведующая отделениемъ</p><p>эндокринологическое отделение</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya E. Yanovskaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department</p><p>Endocrinology Department</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lenayan2005@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Областная клиническая больница</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Clinical Hospital</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Яновская Е.А., Яновская М.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яновская Е.А., Яновская М.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yanovskaya E.A., Yanovskaya M.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://endofocus.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/204">https://endofocus.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/204</self-uri><abstract><p>   Цель работы – представить современные подходы к диагностике доклинических стадий сахарного диабета 1 типа (СД1) с использованием скрининга на островковые аутоантитела (АТ).</p><p>   Современная концепция предусматривает три стадии этого заболевания: стадия 1 арактеризуется наличием ≥2 АТ при нормогликемии, стадия 2 – наличием ≥2 АТ с дисгликемией, стадия 3 – клинической манифестацией с гипергликемией. Традиционная диагностика СД1 при появлении клинических симптомов приводит к высокой частоте дебюта заболевания с диабетическим кетоацидозом (до 90 % случаев), что ассоциировано с неблагоприятными долгосрочными исходами. Таким образом, представляется актуальным проведение ранней диагностики СД1 на доклинических стадиях. Скрининговые программы с участием родственников первой степени родства пациентов с СД1, лиц с другими аутоиммунными заболеваниями продемонстрировали снижение частоты диабетического кетоацидоза при манифестации на 90 %, что может способствовать сохранению остаточной функции β-клеток и улучшению гликемического контроля в долгосрочном периоде. Внедрение программ ранней диагностики и наблюдения людей на доклинических стадиях СД1 являются ключевыми направлениями изменения траектории заболевания и улучшения прогноза пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Objective: to present modern approaches to diagnosing presymptomatic stages of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using islet autoantibody screening.</p><p>   T1DM is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive destruction of pancreatic β-cells, with a steadily increasing global prevalence. The current concept defines three stages of the disease: Stage 1 is characterized by the presence of ≥2 autoantibodies with normoglycemia; Stage 2 involves ≥2 autoantibodies with dysglycemia; Stage 3 represents clinical manifestation with hyperglycemia. Traditional diagnosis at the onset of clinical symptoms leads to a high rate of presentation with diabetic ketoacidosis (up to 90 % of cases), which is associated with unfavorable long-term outcomes. Therefore, early diagnosis of T1DM at presymptomatic stages appears highly relevant. Screening programs involving first-degree relatives of T1DM patients and individuals with other autoimmune diseases have demonstrated a 90% reduction in diabetic ketoacidosis at disease onset, which may contribute to preserving residual β-cell function and improving long-term glycemic control. Implementation of early diagnostic and monitoring programs of individuals at presymptomatic stages of T1DM are key directions for changing the disease trajectory and improving patient prognosis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет 1 типа</kwd><kwd>островковые аутоантитела</kwd><kwd>доклинические стадии</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd><kwd>диабетический кетоацидоз</kwd><kwd>β-клетки поджелудочной железы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>type 1 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>islet autoantibodies</kwd><kwd>preclinical stages</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd><kwd>diabetic ketoacidosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Отсутствует</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">None</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации «Сахарный диабет 1 типа у детей». 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