endofocusFOCUS ЭндокринологияFOCUS. Endocrinology2713-01772713-0185ООО "Издательство "Перо"10.15829/2713-0177-2023-27TQSOUNendofocus-27Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWХронический гипопаратиреоз: клиническая картина, осложнения заболевания и влияние на качество жизниChronic hypoparathyroidism: clinical manifestations, complications and impact on the quality of lifehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2591КовалеваЕ. В.KovalevaE. V.

н.с. отдела эпидемиологии эндокринопатий, отделения патологии околощитовидных желез и нарушений минерального обмена

Москва

Moscow

elen.v.kovaleva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6667-062XЕремкинаА. К.EremkinaA. K.

к.м.н., с.н.с., зав. отделения патологии околощитовидных желез и нарушений минерального обмена

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-9742МокрышеваН. Г.MokryshevaN. G.

д.м.н., член-корр. РАН, профессор, директор

Москва

Moscow

ФГБУ "НМИЦ эндокринологии" Минздрава РоссииEndocrinology Research Centre20231005202341Коморбидность7883Copyright © Ковалева Е.В., Еремкина А.К., Мокрышева Н.Г., 20232023Ковалева Е.В., Еремкина А.К., Мокрышева Н.Г.Kovaleva E.V., Eremkina A.K., Mokrysheva N.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://endofocus.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/27

Гипопаратиреоз — относительно редкая эндокринная патология, характеризующаяся дефицитом паратиреоидного гормона с развитием гипокальциемии и гиперфосфатемии.

По результатам анализа крупных баз данных Европы, США и стран Азии установлено, что длительное течение хронического послеоперационного и нехирургического гипопаратиреоза ассоциировано с множеством осложнений со стороны различных органов и систем. При гипопаратиреозе повышается риск патологии почек, в т.ч. почечной недостаточности, психоневрологических расстройств и инфекций. Частота и спектр осложнений гипопаратиреоза зависят от его этиологии. Так, для нехирургического гипопаратиреоза выявлены повышенные риски катаракты, сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и переломов позвоночника, хотя патогенез развития данных нарушений остается не до конца изученным.

Обсуждаются различные параметры минерального гомеостаза в контексте тех или иных осложнений. Больше данных накоплено по структурной патологии почек (нефролитиаз, нефрокальциноз), обусловленной стойкой гиперкальциурией и приемом больших доз препаратов кальция и витамина D.

В представленном обзоре суммирована информация о клинических проявлениях и осложнениях гипопаратиреоза, а также предикторах их развития.

Hypoparathyroidism is a relatively rare endocrine disorder caused by the absence production of parathyroid hormone, leading to the classical biochemical features such as hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia.

The data from Europe, the USA and Asian countries shows that the long course of chronic postsurgical and non-surgical hypoparathyroidism can lead to many complications from different organs and systems. Hypoparathyroidism increases the risk of kidney disease, including kidney failure, neuropsychiatric disorders and infections. The frequency and degree of disease complications depend on its etiology. Non-surgical hypoparathyroidism is associated with an increased risks of cataracts, cardiovascular diseases and vertebral fractures; however, the pathogenesis of these disorders is not fully understood. Various parameters of mineral homeostasis were discussed in the context of identified complications. For example, persistent hypercalciuria and intake of large doses of calcium and vitamin D supplements were associated with the structural pathology of the kidneys (nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis).

This review covers the issue of the clinical manifestations and complications of chronic hypoparathyroidism, as well as predictors of their development.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.