Preview

FOCUS. Endocrinology

Advanced search

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in combination therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Optimal strategies and place in management algorithms

https://doi.org/10.62751/2713-0177-2025-6-4-04

Abstract

This review analyzes the role of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in the modern treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes mellitus, focusing on their use in combination therapy and their place in clinical algorithms. The issues of efficacy and safety of DPP-4 inhibitors in combination with other sugar-lowering drugs are considered, with special emphasis on their favorable tolerance profile and low risk of hypoglycemia. The priority of using DPP-4 inhibitors in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is emphasized, taking into account comorbidity and the need to maintain quality of life. The analysis of recent studies on the potential neuroprotective effects of DPP-4 inhibitors, including their effect on cognitive functions and the risk of dementia, is carried out.

About the Authors

F. O. Ushanova
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Russian Federation

Fatima O. Ushanova – C. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Clinical Medicine

Moscow



T. Yu. Demidova
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Russian Federation

Tatiana Yu. Demidova – D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Clinical Medicine

Moscow



A. N. Levitskaya
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Russian Federation

Anastasiya N. Levitskaya – assistant at the Department of endocrinology of the Faculty of general medicine

Moscow



References

1. Викулова О.К., Железнякова А.В., Исаков М.А. и др. Структура сахароснижающей терапии у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа в Российской Федерации в 2017–2021 гг. В кн.: Сборник тезисов IX (XXVIII) Национального диабетологического конгресса с международным участием «Сахарный диабет и ожирение – неинфекционные междисциплинарные пандемии XXI века», 05–08 сентября 2022 года. М. 2022.

2. Holst J, Vilsboll T, Deacon C. The incretin system and its role in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2009;297(1–2):127–36. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.08.012.

3. Drucker DJ. Deciphering metabolic messages from the gut drives therapeutic innovation: The 2014 Banting Lecture. Diabetes. 2015;64(2):317–26. doi: 10.2337/db14-1514.

4. Esposito K, Chiodini P, Maiorino MI, Capuano A, Cozzolino D, Petrizzo M et al. A nomogram to estimate the HbA1c response to different DPP-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 98 trials with 24 163 patients. BMJ Open. 2015;5(2):e005892. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005892.

5. Makrilakis K. The role of DPP-4 inhibitors in the treatment algorithm of type 2 diabetes mellitus: When to select, what to expect. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(15):2720. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152720.

6. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 9. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of care in diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S158–S178. doi: 10.2337/dc24-S009.

7. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом. Под ред. И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой, О.Ю. Сухаревой. 12-й выпуск. М. 2025.

8. Matthews DR, Paldanius PM, Proot P, Chiang Y, Stumvoll M, Del Prato S; VERIFY study group. Glycaemic durability of an early combination therapy with vildagliptin and metformin versus sequential metformin monotherapy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (VERIFY): A 5-year, multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2019;394(10208):1519–29. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32131-2.

9. McGuire DK, Alexander JH, Johansen OE, Perkovic V, Rosenstock J, Cooper ME et al. CARMELINA Investigators. Linagliptin effects on heart failure and related outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus at high cardiovascular and renal risk in CARMELINA. Circulation. 2019;139(3):351–61. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038352.

10. Rosenstock J, Kahn SE, Johansen OE, Zinman B, Espeland MA, Woerle HJ et al. Effect of linagliptin vs glimepiride on major adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: The CAROLINA randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;322(12):1155–66. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.13772. Erratum in: JAMA. 2019;322(21):2138. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.19012.

11. Zannad F, Cannon CP, Cushman WCB et al.; EXAMINE Investigators. Heart failure and mortality outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes taking alogliptin versus placebo in EXAMINE: A multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2015;385(9982):2067–76. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62225-X.

12. Green JB, Bethel MA, Armstrong PW, Buse JB, Engel SS, Garg J et al.; TECOS Study Group. Effect of sitagliptin on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(3):232–42. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1501352.

13. Ziff OJ, Bromage DI, Yellon DM, Davidson SM. Therapeutic strategies utilizing SDF-1α in ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res. 2018;114(3):358–67. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvx203.

14. Саприна Т.В., Файзулина Н.М. Сахарный диабет 2 типа у лиц пожилого возраста – решенные и нерешенные вопросы. Сахарный диабет. 2016;19(4):322–330. doi: 10.14341/DM7884.

15. Zaslavsky O, Walker RL, Crane PK, Gray SL, Larson EB. Glucose levels and risk of frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2016;71(9):1223–29. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glw024.

16. Nagao M, Sasaki J, Sugihara H, Tanimura-Inagaki K, Harada T, Sakuma I, Oikawa S; STREAM Study Investigators. Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin treatment in older adults with moderately controlled type 2 diabetes: The STREAM study. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):134. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-27301-9.

17. Terauchi Y, Yamada Y, Ishida H, Ohsugi M, Kitaoka M, Satoh J et al. Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin as compared with glimepiride in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged ≥ 60 years (START-J trial). Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19(8):1188–92. doi: 10.1111/dom.12933.

18. Государственный реестр лекарственных средств Минздрава России. Инструкция по медицинскому применению лекарственного препарата Сатерекс®. ЛП-№(00130)-RG-(RU). Доступ: https://grls.rosminzdrav.ru/Grls_View_v2.aspx?routingGuid=3a1e5987-d237-4250-887c-7755789f8494 (дата обращения – 24.10.2025).

19. Черникова Н.А., Аметов А.С. Опыт применения российского ингибитора дипептидилпептидазы-4 гозоглиптина. Результаты исследования ОНИКС. Эндокринология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2021;10(1):62–69. doi: 10.33029/2304-9529-2021-10-1-62-69.

20. Шестакова М.В., Бирюкова Е.В. Практическое применение российского ингибитора ДПП-4 госоглиптина в масштабном наблюдательном исследовании «Палитра». Сахарный диабет. 2024;27(4):347–356. doi: 10.14341/DM13193.

21. Галстян К.О., Недосугова Л.В., Петунина Н.А., Трахтенберг Ю.А., Востокова Н.В., Караваева О.В., Часовская Т.Е. Первый отечественный ингибитор ДПП-4 госоглиптин в сравнении с вилдаглиптином при лечении пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа. Сахарный диабет. 2016;19 (1):89–96. doi: 10.14341/DM7233.

22. GRLSBASE. Сравнительное многоцентровое проспективное открытое рандомизированное контролируемое в параллельных группах исследование по изучению эффективности, безопасности и переносимости препарата Сатерекс®, таблетки, покрытые пленочной оболочкой (ООО «Фармасинтез-Тюмень», Россия) в сравнении с препаратом Янувия®, таблетки, покрытые пленочной оболочкой (Мерк Шарп и Доум Б.В., Нидерланды) у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа на фоне приема метформина и базального инсулина. Доступ: https://grlsbase.ru/clinicaltrails/clintrail/12406 (дата обращения – 24.10.2025).

23. Lamers D, Famulla S, Wronkowitz N, Hartwig S, Lehr S, Ouwens DM et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a novel adipokine potentially linking obesity to the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes. 2011;60(7):1917–25. doi: 10.2337/db10-1707.

24. Bayanati M, Ismail Mahboubi Rabbani M, Sirous Kabiri S, Mir B, Rezaee E, Tabatabai SA. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: A systematic review of structure-activity relationship studies. Iran J Pharm Res. 2024;23(1):e151581. doi: 10.5812/ijpr-151581.

25. Chatterjee S, Peters SA, Woodward M, Mejia Arango S, Batty GD, Beckett N et al. Type 2 diabetes as a risk factor for dementia in women compared with men: A pooled analysis of 2.3 million people comprising more than 100,000 cases of dementia. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(2):300–7. doi: 10.2337/dc15-1588.

26. Alkasabera A, Onyali CB, Anim-Koranteng C, Shah HE, Ethirajulu A, Bhawnani N, Mostafa JA. The effect of type-2 diabetes on cognitive status and the role of antidiabetes medications. Cureus. 2021;13(11):e19176. doi: 10.7759/cureus.19176.

27. Zheng T, Qin L, Chen B, Hu X, Zhang X, Liu Y et al. Association of plasma DPP4 activity with mild cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: Results from the GDMD study in China. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(9):1594–601. doi: 10.2337/dc16-0316.

28. Salcedo I, Tweedie D, Li Y, Greig NH. Neuroprotective and neurotrophic actions of glucagon-like peptide-1: An emerging opportunity to treat neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disorders. Br J Pharmacol. 2012;166(5):1586–99. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01971.x.

29. Ma N, Liang Y, Yue L, Liu P, Xu Y, Zhu C. The identities of insulin signaling pathway are affected by overexpression of Tau and its phosphorylation form. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022;14:1057281. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1057281.

30. Zheng J, Wang Y, Liu Y, Han S, Zhang Y, Luo Y et al. cPKCγ deficiency exacerbates autophagy impairment and hyperphosphorylated tau buildup through the AMPK/mTOR pathway in mice with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Neurosci Bull. 2022;38(10):1153–69. doi: 10.1007/s12264-022-00863-4.

31. Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Lei M, Guo X, Yang X, Ouyang C et al. Effects of DPP4 inhibitors as neuroprotective drug on cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Int J Endocrinol. 2024;2024:9294113. doi: 10.1155/2024/9294113.

32. Meng J, Yan R, Zhang C, Bai X, Yang X, Yang Y et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors alleviate cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lipids Health Dis. 2023;22(1):219. doi: 10.1186/s12944-023-01985-y.

33. Gault VA, Lennox R, Flatt PR. Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, improves recognition memory, oxidative stress and hippocampal neurogenesis and upregulates key genes involved in cognitive decline. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2015;17(4):403–13. doi: 10.1111/dom.12432.


Review

For citations:


Ushanova F.O., Demidova T.Yu., Levitskaya A.N. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in combination therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Optimal strategies and place in management algorithms. FOCUS. Endocrinology. 2025;6(4):26-35. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.62751/2713-0177-2025-6-4-04

Views: 52

JATS XML


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 2713-0177 (Print)
ISSN 2713-0185 (Online)